The rich countries exporting their waste actually have the technology and resources to process the waste safely. While the countries importing the waste most often do not have such resources meaning that toxic waste is handled by people with no protection or knowledge about how to handle it. The toxic chemicals leaked into the local river causing the death of 19 people.
Our waste is dumped in local communities thousands of kilometers away. The global waste trade has created enormous dumpsites in countries importing waste from developed countries of the west. The dumpsites created by the global waste trade have at least one thing in common: They pose a serious threat to human health and the environment in the communities they are located in. The negative effects of consumerism include the generation of enormous amounts of waste, depletion of natural resources and pollution of the Earth.
If everyone lived like western consumers we would need up to 5 planets to support us and absorb our waste. And the number of consumers is growing by the second. During the 20th century as the world population grew and became more urban as the consumer society developed, waste production increased tenfold.
And urban waste generation continues to go up. Leading green companies are becoming zero-waste companies. Zero waste is a philosophy that encourages redesign so that all products are reused. The process is similar to the way resources are reused in nature. Wikipedia: List of waste types. World Bank: Shipbreaking. UN: Persistent Organic Pollutants. Waste Atlas report Nature: Waste production must peak this century.
UN: Why do chemicals and waste matter. Spread the message. Make a donation. Or update your wardrobe with clothes from our modest but growing selection of sustainably sourced and crafted clothes.
TheWorldCounts is using cookies for analytics and marketing Learn more Got it. The World Counts. Shop Support. All Challenges. Get a Counter. In This month This week Today. Put this counter on your website. A comprehensive, unified treatment of the materials science of deformation as applied to solid earth geophysics and geology, this textbook is ideal for graduate courses on the rheology and dynamics of solid earth.
It is also a much-needed reference for geoscientists in geology, geophysics, geochemistry, materials science, mineralogy and ceramics. This Second Edition maintains the fundamental structure of the original book, and presents a comprehensive treatment of sedimentary petrography and petrology. It has been thoroughly updated to include new concepts and ideas, and cutting-edge techniques such as cathodoluminescence imaging of sedimentary rocks and backscattered electron microscopy.
Numerous photographs and diagrams illustrate characteristic features while an extensive and up-to-date reference list provides a useful starting point for additional literature research. This textbook is designed for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in sedimentary petrology.
It is also a key reference for researchers and professional petroleum geoscientists wanting to develop an understanding of the petrologic characteristics of sedimentary rocks and their geological significance.
Part IV. Evaporites, cherts, iron-rich sedimentary rocks, and phosphorites;. Donal M. This combination of text and lab book presents an entirely different approach to structural geology. Designed for undergraduate laboratory classes, it provides a step-by-step guide for solving geometric problems arising from structural field observations. The book discusses both traditional methods and cutting-edge approaches, with emphasis given to graphical methods and visualization techniques that support students in tackling challenging two- and three-dimensional problems.
Numerous exercises encourage practice in using the techniques, and demonstrate how field observations can be converted into useful information about geological structures and the processes responsible for creating them. This updated fourth edition incorporates new material on stress, deformation, strain and flow, and the underlying mathematics of the subject. With stereonet plots and solutions to the exercises available online at www.
The most powerful forces on earth have shaped the landscape of Southeast Alaska. Scientists and visitors from around the world trek north to experience wild rivers, powerful glaciers, and breathtaking mountain peaks. Now, for the first time, a handy guide to the region is available. Complete with color illustrations revealing millions of years of geological history and in-depth descriptions of Sitka, Juneau, and Glacier Bay, Geology of Southeast Alaska is essential reading for anyone fascinated by rock and ice in motion.
Written by a geologist with over twenty-five years of experience in the north, Geology of Southeast Alaska will entertain and inform with abundant photographs and detailed drawings. Whether you want to understand the forces that shaped the state of Alaska, or you want to learn the basics of glacial movement, this compact, authoritative book is for you.
Completely updated version of a book solely devoted to paleoseismology. It summarizes the development of the field from the s to the present. Chapters cover the entire range of techniques currently used in paleoseismic reconstruction.
Field Techniques in Paleoseismology — Terrestrial Environments. Andrew D. It has been more than a decade since the appearance of the First Edition of this book. Much progress has been made, but some controversies remain.
The original ideas of Sloss and of Vail building on the early work of Blackwelder, Grabau, Ulrich, Levorsen and others that the stratigraphic record could be subdivided into sequences, and that these sequences store essential information about basin-forming and subsidence processes, remains as powerful an idea as when it was first formulated. The definition and mapping of sequences has become a standard part of the basin analysis process.
The main purpose of this book remains the same as it was for the first edition, that is, to situate sequences within the broader context of geological processes, and to answer the question: why do sequences form? Geoscientists might thereby be better equipped to extract the maximum information from the record of sequences in a given basin or region. Tectonic, climatic and other mechanisms are the generating mechanisms for sequences ranging over a wide range of times scales, from hundreds of millions of years to the high-frequency sequences formed by cyclic processes lasting a few tens of thousands of years.
John P. Soils, invaluable indicators of the nature and history of the physical and human landscape, have strongly influenced the cultural record left to archaeologists. Not only are they primary reservoirs for artifacts, they often encase entire sites.
And soil-forming processes in themselves are an important component of site formation, influencing which artifacts, features, and environmental indicators floral, faunal, and geological will be destroyed and to what extent and which will be preserved and how well. In this book, Holliday will address each of these issues in terms of fundamentals as well as in field case histories from all over the world.
The focus will be on principles of soil geomorphology , soil stratigraphy, and soil chemistry and their applications in archaeological research. Cyclostratigraphy is concerned primarily with measuring geological time and the time units used in this approach are sedimentary cycles. Milankovitch cycles mark time intervals of tens of thousands to several millions of years. Such cycles are the result of variations in the Earth's position in relation to the Sun and these in turn determine the climatic variations.
The Milankovitch theory was resurrected in the 's when evidence from Pleistocene deep sea sediments linked orbital variations and climate. This monograph discusses sedimentary cycles and their use in measuring geologic time. There is considerable effort made to clarify the term "sedimentary cycle", in particular, the two opposing concepts of cyclic stratification and event stratification.
The recognition of sedimentary cycles and of Milankovitch cycles specifically, is considered and care is taken with the question of relating sediment thickness to time.
Many decades passed, however, before research into diagenetic processes and products really got underway. Rapid development took place during the next fifteen years, as illustrated by the scope and contents of the above-mentioned work Diagenesis in Sediments. The demand for that book was such that the need arose for a new and revised edition. Because of the scope of the subject and the proliferation of literature on the subject, it has been necessary to publish the new edition in two volumes.
This reflects the growth which has occurred in the research into diagenetic phenomena since the publication of the first edition. This book is an introductory text for all earth scientists interested in learning about the quantitative description of geological problems.
It contains chapters on heat flow, sedimentary basin modelling, mechanics of continental deformation, PT path modelling, geomorphology and mass transfer and more. In its style, the book is aimed at the field oriented geologist that wants to begin with learning about the quantitative description of problems. Graduate students and scientists will find the book a good starting point for a quantitative treatment of their data. The new edition, revised and extended, features even more illustrations and maps, about corrections of scientific problems, improvement of geomorphology section and shortening of several sections which obviously are too complicated.
Update and modernisation of several sections, for example the section on pressure and updated references. Introduction to Ore-Forming Processes is the first senior undergraduate — postgraduate textbook to focus specifically on the multiplicity of geological processes that result in the formation of mineral deposits.
Uwe W. Reimold, Roger L. The impact of large extraterrestrial bolides asteroids and comets with Earth is an ever-present danger that humanity has only recently begun to recognise.
Each of these impact events catastrophically altered the global environment and was strong enough to drastically change life on our planet. In the more than million years since its formation, water, wind and ice have slowly eroded away the original Vredefort crater, exposing its roots in a series of spectacular rocks.
The outcroppings in the region around the towns of Vredefort and Parys, known as the Vredefort Dome, show the scars of the cataclysmic forces that accompanied the impact event. The rocks, ripped from the depths of the crust by the impact, also tell a far older story that stretches back to more than million years ago, when the first continents formed on the primitive Earth, and to the time when fabulous gold deposits accumulated on the margins of the ancient Witwatersrand sea.
The Vredefort Structure is truly one of the geological wonders of the world. While the rocks of the Vredefort Dome, and the story they have to tell, lie at the heart of this book, it is by no means the full story. The Dome is an area of spectacular scenic beauty and biodiversity, dominated by 40 kilometre-wide crescent of hills incised by the Vaal River and its tributaries.
This area has also been home to humans for many thousands of years. Together, the rich geological, biological and archaeological heritage has led to the recognition of the most scenic part of the Vredefort Dome as a World Heritage Site. Karner, Brian Taylor, Neal W. Driscoll, David L. Garry D. Traditionally, investigations of the rheology and deformation of the lithosphere the rigid or mechanically strong outer layer of the Earth, which contains the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle have taken place at one scale in the laboratory and at an entirely different scale in the field.
Laboratory experiments are generally restricted to centimeter-sized samples and day- or year-length times, while geological processes occur over tens to hundreds of kilometers and millions of years.
The application of laboratory results to geological systems necessitates extensive extrapolation in both time and spatial scales, as well as a detailed understanding of the dominant physical mechanisms. Only 30 percent of PET in bottles and jars is recovered in the U. The facility will make about 75 million pounds a year of two product types from percent recycled PET. Hide comments. More information about text formats. Text format Comments Plain text.
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